However, as paddlers, it's essential to recognise that we share these rivers with an array of wildlife, including migratory fish such as salmon and seatrout, which are particularly vulnerable during this time of year. Understanding how to paddle responsibly and avoid disturbing these species during their critical breeding season is key to preserving their fragile populations.

Fishing Season and Migratory Fish

On most Welsh rivers you may notice fewer anglers along the riverbanks as the colder months set in. This is because fishing for migratory fish, like salmon and seatrout, is highly regulated, with strict seasons that vary between rivers. For most rivers in Wales, the fishing season ends around the 17th of October and won’t resume until March or early April, allowing these fish to breed undisturbed. However, certain rivers, including the Dee, Severn, Taff, Usk, and Wye, have year-round fishing, as they target different species in the colder months (e.g. grayling).

Salmon and seatrout stocks are at staggering all-time low, with an alarming 70% reduction in the last 10 years (Natural Resources Wales (NRW) stock assessments). Anglers are required by law to release any salmon that they catch with minimum delay, and it is imperative that we do our best to avoid disturbance of any kind. There are simple things that we can do to make sure we don’t put unnecessary pressure on the stocks.

Understanding Fish Spawning and Its Risks

Unlike many other species, migratory fish breed in the autumn and winter months. They create spawning beds, known as redds, in the river's gravelly sections, especially in higher reaches and tributaries - areas that paddlers often enjoy. The fish are particularly susceptible to disturbance at spawning time and the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act (SAFFA) 1975 makes it an offence to wilfully disturb, spawn, spawning fish or spawning areas.

The gravel beds are essential to the breeding process and disturbing them can cause irreversible damage to the fish eggs laid there.

How to identify a red

The Wye Usk Foundation has the following useful information and short video on identifying Redds: Look for clean, recently disturbed gravel. The act of creating a redd involves the female salmon or trout disturbing gravel, which makes a circular area varying from around one square foot in size, to metres by metres long, that has cleaner looking gravel than the surrounding area. Eggs are laid inside the gravel nest, where the male fertilises them before they are covered up by the spawning fish.
 
Redds can appear as a combination of a mound and a depression in the gravel. The mound, where the eggs are located, will be downstream of the depression.

If you are paddling the Wye this autumn and winter, you could help the Wye Usk Foundation to map the river’s redds. If you see what you suspect is a redd, please let us know so that we can map sites that might need extra care. Please take a photo and a note of the location (we suggest what3words) and send it to allyson@wyeuskfoundation.org

Tips for Minimising Disturbance

To ensure our paddling adventures don't harm these vulnerable fish populations, here are a few key practices to follow:

1. Check River Levels- Before heading out, ensure the river is high enough for paddling without needing to drag your boat. Dragging through shallow areas can disturb fish spawning grounds.
2. Avoid Standing in Gravel Areas - When getting into or out of your boat, avoid standing in gravel sections, as these could be potential spawning areas.
3. Seek the Deepwater Line - Always paddle in the deeper sections of the river to avoid running aground on gravel beds where spawning may occur.
4. Be Mindful with Your Paddle - When paddling in shallow areas, avoid digging your paddles into the gravel, as this can disturb the riverbed and any fish eggs present.
5. Poling in Open Boats - While poling is an essential skill for open boating, avoid practicing it in gravel-rich sections of the river, as this can disrupt spawning grounds.

Keeping Informed and Prepared

River levels may change rapidly. To stay informed about conditions access resources such as Rainchasers, NRW river levels, and apps like RiverApp. These tools will help you determine if your chosen river is a suitable height for paddling.



Respect the Environment, Enjoy the Adventure

The Paddlers’ Code is a practical resource for tips on how to enjoy the waterways while respecting the environment and other people.

The Non-Native Species Secretariat gives essential information about avoiding the spread Non Native species across our waterways with Check Clean Dry.

As paddlers, we have a unique perspective on the beauty of our rivers, and with that comes the responsibility to protect these environments. By following a few simple practices, we can enjoy our paddling adventures while minimising our impact on vulnerable fish populations. Let’s work together to keep our rivers healthy and thriving for future generations to explore and enjoy.

Stay safe, paddle responsibly, and have a fantastic winter on the water!